English dictionary of Management

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A ↑
ability ; power
possession of the qualities (especially mental qualities) required to do something or get something done; "danger heightened his powers of discrimination"

acquisition
something acquired; "a recent acquisition by the museum"

agency
a business that serves other businesses

agency ; bureau ; office ; authority
an administrative unit of government; "the Central Intelligence Agency"; "the Census Bureau"; "Office of Management and Budget"; "Tennessee Valley Authority"

agreement ; arrangement
the thing arranged or agreed to; "they made arrangements to meet in Chicago"

agreement ; understanding
the statement (oral or written) of an exchange of promises; "they had an agreement that they would not interfere in each other's business"; "there was an understanding between management and the workers"

alternative
one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen; "what option did I have?"; "there no other alternative"; "my only choice is to refuse"

appraisal ; assessment
the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

aptitude
inherent ability

arrangement ; organization ; organisation
an organized structure for arranging or classifying; "he changed the arrangement of the topics"; "the facts were familiar but it was in the organization of them that he was original"; "he tried to understand their system of classification"

audacity ; audaciousness
aggressive boldness or unmitigated effrontery; "he had the audacity to question my decision"

authority ; authorization ; authorisation
the power or right to give orders or make decisions; "he has the authority to issue warrants"; "deputies are given authorization to make arrests"; "a place of potency in the state"

authorize ; authorise
grant authorization or clearance for; "Clear the manuscript for publication"; "The rock star never authorized this slanderous biography"


B ↑
boldness ; daring ; hardihood
the trait of being willing to undertake things that involve risk or danger; "the proposal required great boldness"; "the plan required great hardiness of heart"

brainstorming
a group problem-solving technique in which members spontaneously share ideas and solutions; "we had an intense brainstorming session today"

brand ; make
a recognizable kind; "there's a new brand of hero in the movies now"; "what make of car is that?"

bribery ; graft
the practice of offering something (usually money) in order to gain an illicit advantage

business
a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it; "he bought his brother's business"; "a small mom-and-pop business"; "a racially integrated business concern"

business enterprise ; business
the activity of providing goods and services involving financial and commercial and industrial aspects; "computers are now widely used in business"


C ↑
capability ; capableness
the quality of being capable -- physically or intellectually or legally; "he worked to the limits of his capability"

capacity
capability to perform or produce; "among his gifts is his capacity for true altruism"; "limited runway capacity"; "a great capacity for growth"

capacity ; content
the amount that can be contained; "the gas tank has a capacity of 12 gallons"

case ; instance
an occurrence of something; "it was a case of bad judgment"; "another instance occurred yesterday"; "but there is always the famous example of the Smiths"

categorization ; categorisation ; classification
the act of distributing things into classes or categories of the same type

character
a characteristic property that defines the apparent individual nature of something; "each town has a quality all its own"; "the radical character of our demands"

chemical element ; element
any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter

climate ; clime
the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time; "the dank climate of southern Wales"; "plants from a cold clime travel best in winter"

colloquy
a conversation especially a formal one

commerce
transactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services)

company
an institution created to conduct business; "he only invests in large well-established companies"; "he started the company in his garage"

compensation
something (such as money) given or received as payment or reparation (as for a service or loss or injury)

competence ; competency
the quality of being adequately or well qualified physically and intellectually

competition
a business relation in which two parties compete to gain customers; "business competition can be fiendish at times"

competitor ; rival ; challenger
the contestant you hope to defeat; "he had respect for his rivals"; "he wanted to know what the competition was doing"

condition ; status
a state at a particular time; "a condition (or state) of disrepair"; "the current status of the arms negotiations"

conference
a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)

confirmation ; verification ; check ; substantiation
additional proof that something that was believed (some fact or hypothesis or theory) is correct; "fossils provided further confirmation of the evolutionary theory"

connection ; connexion ; link
a connecting shape

contract
a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law

control
power to direct or determine; "under control"

convention ; rule
something regarded as a normative example; "the convention of not naming the main character"; "violence is the rule not the exception"; "his formula for impressing visitors"

conversation
the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

corruptness ; corruption
lack of integrity or honesty (especially susceptibility to bribery); use of a position of trust for dishonest gain

courage ; courageousness ; bravery ; braveness
a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

covenant
a signed written agreement between two or more parties (nations) to perform some action

criticism ; critique
a serious examination and judgment of something; "constructive criticism is always appreciated"

culture ; civilization
a particular society at a particular time and place; "early Mayan civilization"

cycle
an interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs; "the never-ending cycle of the seasons"


D ↑
data ; information
a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn; "statistical data"

date ; day of the month
the specified day of the month; "what is the date today?"

dearth ; paucity
an insufficient quantity or number

defect ; fault ; flaw
an imperfection in an object or machine; "a flaw caused the crystal to shatter"; "if there are any defects you should send it back to the manufacturer"

defect ; shortcoming
a failing or deficiency; "that interpretation is an unfortunate defect of our lack of information"

deficiency
lack of an adequate quantity or number; "the inadequacy of unemployment benefits"

deficit ; shortage ; shortfall
the property of being an amount by which something is less than expected or required; "new blood vessels bud out from the already dilated vascular bed to make up the nutritional deficit"

department store ; emporium
a large retail store organized into departments offering a variety of merchandise; commonly part of a retail chain

dependability ; dependableness ; reliability
the quality of being dependable or reliable

depreciation ; wear and tear
decrease in value of an asset due to obsolescence or use

deputation ; delegation ; delegacy
a group of representatives or delegates

description ; verbal description
a statement that represents something in words

design ; pattern
something intended as a guide for making something else; "a blueprint for a house"; "a pattern for a skirt"

directory
an alphabetical list of names and addresses

disposition ; temperament
your usual mood; "he has a happy disposition"


E ↑
element
an abstract part of something; "jealousy was a component of his character"; "two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony"; "the grammatical elements of a sentence"; "a key factor in her success"; "humor: an effective ingredient of a speech"

endowment ; gift ; talent
natural abilities or qualities

esteem ; regard ; respect
the condition of being honored (esteemed or respected or well regarded); "it is held in esteem"; "a man who has earned high regard"

examination ; exam ; test
a set of questions or exercises evaluating skill or knowledge; "when the test was stolen the professor had to make a new set of questions"

example ; model
something to be imitated; "an exemplar of success"; "a model of clarity"; "he is the very model of a modern major general"

experiment ; experimentation
the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation


F ↑
faculty
one of the inherent cognitive or perceptual powers of the mind

firm ; house
the members of a business organization that owns or operates one or more establishments; "he worked for a brokerage house"

fitness ; fittingness
the quality of being suitable; "they had to prove their fitness for the position"

flair ; genius
a natural talent; "he has a flair for mathematics"; "he has a genius for interior decorating"

framework ; fabric
the underlying structure; "providing a factual framework for future research"; "it is part of the fabric of society"

function ; office
the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group; "the function of a teacher"; "the government must do its part"; "play its role"


G ↑
gain
the amount by which the revenue of a business exceeds its cost of operating

guess ; guesswork
an estimate based on little or no information


H ↑
handiness ; accessibility ; availability
the quality of being at hand when needed

hierarchy
a series of ordered groupings of people or things within a system; "put honesty first in her hierarchy of values"

histogram
a bar chart representing a frequency distribution; heights of the bars represent observed frequencies

holder ; bearer
the person who is in possession of a check or note or bond or document of title that is endorsed to him or to whoever holds it; "the bond was marked `payable to bearer'"


I ↑
ideal ; paragon
model of excellence or perfection of a kind; one having no equal

information
knowledge acquired through study or experience or instruction

information ; info
a message received and understood

integrity ; unity ; wholeness
an undivided or unbroken completeness or totality with nothing wanting; "the integrity of the nervous system is required for normal development"; "he took measures to insure the territorial unity of Croatia"

interview
the questioning of a person (or a conversation in which information is elicited); often conducted by journalists; "my interviews with teenagers revealed a weakening of religious bonds"

invention ; innovation
a creation (a new device or process) resulting from study and experimentation

investing ; investment
the act of investing; laying out money or capital in an enterprise with the expectation of profit

investment ; investment funds
money that is invested with an expectation of profit


K ↑
kind ; sort
a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality; "sculpture is a form of art"; "what kinds of desserts are there?"


L ↑
lack ; deficiency ; want
the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable; "there is a serious lack of insight into the problem"; "water is the critical deficiency in desert regions"; "for want of a nail the shoe was lost"

lawsuit ; case ; cause
a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy; "the family brought suit against the landlord"

limit ; bound ; boundary
the greatest possible degree of something; "what he did was beyond the bounds of acceptable behavior"; "to the limit of his ability"

limit ; limitation
the greatest amount of something that is possible or allowed; "there are limits on the amount you can bet"; "it is growing rapidly with no limitation in sight"

list ; listing
a database containing an ordered array of items (names or topics)

litigation ; judicial proceeding
a legal proceeding in a court; a judicial contest to determine and enforce legal rights

loyalty ; trueness
the quality of being loyal


M ↑
management
those in charge of running a business

management ; direction
the act of managing something; "he was given overall management of the program"; "is the direction of the economy a function of government?"

marketing
the commercial processes involved in promoting and selling and distributing a product or service; "most companies have a manager in charge of marketing"

matrix
(mathematics) a rectangular array of quantities or expressions set out by rows and columns; treated as a single element and manipulated according to rules

method
a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

methodology
the system of methods followed in a particular discipline

mission ; commission
a special assignment that is given to a person or group; "a confidential mission to London"; "his charge was deliver a message"

model
a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process; "the computer program was based on a model of the circulatory and respiratory systems"

model
a type of product; "his car was an old model"

motivation
the condition of being motivated; "his motivation was at a high level"

motivation ; motive
the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior; "we did not understand his motivation"; "he acted with the best of motives"


N ↑
nature
the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized; "it is the nature of fire to burn"; "the true nature of jealousy"


O ↑
ordering ; order
logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements; "we shall consider these questions in the inverse order of their presentation"

organization ; organisation
a group of people who work together

orientation
position or alignment relative to points of the compass or other specific directions

owner ; possessor
a person who owns something; "they are searching for the owner of the car"; "who is the owner of that friendly smile?"

owner ; proprietor
(law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business; "he is the owner of a chain of restaurants"


P ↑
personality
the complex of all the attributes--behavioral, temperamental, emotional and mental--that characterize a unique individual; "their different reactions reflected their very different personalities"; "it is his nature to help others"

place
the post or function properly or customarily occupied or served by another; "can you go in my stead?"; "took his place"; "in lieu of"

position ; place
the particular portion of space occupied by something; "he put the lamp back in its place"

position ; post ; place ; situation
a job in an organization; "he occupied a post in the treasury"

power ; powerfulness
possession of controlling influence; "the deterrent power of nuclear weapons"; "the power of his love saved her"; "his powerfulness was concealed by a gentle facade"

predilection
a predisposition in favor of something; "a predilection for expensive cars"; "his sexual preferences"; "showed a Marxist orientation"

priority ; antecedence ; antecedency ; precedence
preceding in time

procedure ; process
a particular course of action intended to achieve a result; "the procedure of obtaining a driver's license"; "it was a process of trial and error"

process ; physical process
a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states; "events now in process"; "the process of calcification begins later for boys than for girls"

productiveness ; productivity
the quality of being productive or having the power to produce

profit
the excess of revenues over outlays in a given period of time (including depreciation and other non-cash expenses)

prototype ; paradigm ; epitome
a standard or typical example; "he is the prototype of good breeding"; "he provided America with an image of the good father"

purpose ; function
what something is used for; "the function of an auger is to bore holes"; "ballet is beautiful but what use is it?"

purveyor
someone who supplies provisions (especially food)


Q ↑
quality
an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone; "the quality of mercy is not strained"--Shakespeare

question ; inquiry ; enquiry ; query
an instance of questioning; "there was a question about my training"; "we made inquiries of all those who were present"


R ↑
regulation ; regulating
the act of controlling or directing according to rule; "fiscal regulations are in the hands of politicians"

repute ; reputation
the state of being held in high esteem and honor

rule ; regulation
a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior; "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast"; "short haircuts were the regulation"


S ↑
sample
a small part of something intended as representative of the whole

scarcity ; scarceness
a small and inadequate amount

settlement
something settled or resolved; the outcome of decision making; "they finally reached a settlement with the union"; "they never did achieve a final resolution of their differences"; "he needed to grieve before he could achieve a sense of closure"

share
any of the equal portions into which the capital stock of a corporation is divided and ownership of which is evidenced by a stock certificate; "he bought 100 shares of IBM at the market price"

shop ; store
a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services; "he bought it at a shop on Cape Cod"

specification ; spec
a detailed description of design criteria for a piece of work

specimen
an example regarded as typical of its class

standard ; criterion ; measure
a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated; "the schools comply with federal standards"; "they set the measure for all subsequent work"

state
the way something is with respect to its main attributes; "the current state of knowledge"; "his state of health"; "in a weak financial state"

stimulation
the act of arousing an organism to action

structure
the manner of construction of something and the arrangement of its parts; "artists must study the structure of the human body"; "the structure of the benzene molecule"

supervision ; supervising
management by overseeing the performance or operation of a person or group

supplier ; provider
someone whose business is to supply a particular service or commodity

surveillance
close observation of a person or group (usually by the police)

survey ; study
a detailed critical inspection


T ↑
talk ; talking
an exchange of ideas via conversation; "let's have more work and less talk around here"

template ; templet ; guide
a model or standard for making comparisons

test
any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; "the test was standardized on a large sample of students"

theory
a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena; "theories can incorporate facts and laws and tested hypotheses"; "true in fact and theory"

trade
the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services; "Venice was an important center of trade with the East"; "they are accused of conspiring to constrain trade"

treaty ; pact ; accord
a written agreement between two states or sovereigns

trial
(law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law; "he had a fair trial and the jury found him guilty"; "most of these complaints are settled before they go to trial"

type
a subdivision of a particular kind of thing; "what type of sculpture do you prefer?"


V ↑
value
the quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or valuable; "the Shakespearean Shylock is of dubious value in the modern world"

version ; variant
something a little different from others of the same type; "an experimental version of the night fighter"; "a variant of the same word"; "an emery wheel is the modern variation of a grindstone"; "the boy is a younger edition of his father"

vision
a vivid mental image; "he had a vision of his own death"


W ↑
wage ; pay ; remuneration ; salary
something that remunerates; "wages were paid by check"; "he wasted his pay on drink"; "they saved a quarter of all their earnings"

worth
the quality that renders something desirable or valuable or useful

worthiness
the quality or state of having merit or value