English dictionary of Finance

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A ↑
abandon
forsake, leave behind; "We abandoned the old car in the empty parking lot"

acquisition
something acquired; "a recent acquisition by the museum"

agency
a business that serves other businesses

agency ; bureau ; office ; authority
an administrative unit of government; "the Central Intelligence Agency"; "the Census Bureau"; "Office of Management and Budget"; "Tennessee Valley Authority"

agent
an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect; "their research uncovered new disease agents"

aim ; object ; objective ; target
the goal intended to be attained (and which is believed to be attainable); "the sole object of her trip was to see her children"

allowance ; leeway ; margin
a permissible difference; allowing some freedom to move within limits

alternative
one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen; "what option did I have?"; "there no other alternative"; "my only choice is to refuse"

amalgamation ; merger
the combination of two or more commercial companies

amortization ; amortisation
the reduction of the value of an asset by prorating its cost over a period of years

annuity ; rente
income from capital investment paid in a series of regular payments; "his retirement fund was set up to be paid as an annuity"

appraisal ; assessment
the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth

arbitrage
a kind of hedged investment meant to capture slight differences in price; when there is a difference in the price of something on two different markets the arbitrageur simultaneously buys at the lower price and sells at the higher price

arithmetic mean
the sum of the values of a random variable divided by the number of values

ascent ; rise ; climb
an upward slope or grade (as in a road); "the car couldn't make it up the rise"

ask
make a request or demand for something to somebody; "She asked him for a loan"

ask ; inquire ; enquire
inquire about; "I asked about their special today"; "He had to ask directions several times"

assets
anything of material value or usefulness that is owned by a person or company

assignment ; assigning
the act of distributing something to designated places or persons; "the first task is the assignment of an address to each datum"

assignment ; duty assignment
a duty that you are assigned to perform (especially in the armed forces); "hazardous duty"

auditor
a qualified accountant who inspects the accounting records and practices of a business or other organization

authority ; authorization ; authorisation
the power or right to give orders or make decisions; "he has the authority to issue warrants"; "deputies are given authorization to make arrests"; "a place of potency in the state"

authorization ; authorisation
the act of conferring legality or sanction or formal warrant


B ↑
balance of payments ; balance of international payments
a system of recording all of a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world over a period of one year; "a favorable balance of payments exists when more payments are coming in than going out"

balance sheet
a record of the financial situation of an institution on a particular date by listing its assets and the claims against those assets

bank
a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities; "he cashed a check at the bank"; "that bank holds the mortgage on my home"

bankbook ; passbook
a record of deposits and withdrawals and interest held by depositors at certain banks

banknote ; bill ; note ; bank bill ; bank note ; greenback
a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank); "he peeled off five one-thousand-zloty notes"

barrier
a structure or object that impedes free movement

barter ; swap
an equal exchange; "we had no money so we had to live by barter"

basis ; footing ; ground
a relation that provides the foundation for something; "they were on a friendly footing"; "he worked on an interim basis"

bear
massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws

bid ; tender
a formal proposal to buy at a specified price

bill of lading ; waybill
a receipt given by the carrier to the shipper acknowledging receipt of the goods being shipped and specifying the terms of delivery

blend ; mix ; commingle ; meld
mix together different elements; "The colors blend well"

bond ; bond certificate
a certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal

bounty ; premium
payment or reward (especially from a government) for acts such as catching criminals or killing predatory animals or enlisting in the military

break ; break off ; discontinue
prevent completion; "stop the project"; "break off the negotiations"

break ; interruption
an act of delaying or interrupting the continuity; "it was presented without commercial breaks"; "there was a gap in his account"

broker
a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission

bulk ; volume
the property of something that is great in magnitude; "it is cheaper to buy it in bulk"; "he received a mass of correspondence"; "the volume of exports"

bull
uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle


C ↑
calculate ; compute ; work out ; reckon
make a mathematical calculation or computation

call ; telephone ; phone
get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone; "I tried to call you all night"; "Take two aspirin and call me in the morning"

can ; tin
preserve in a can or tin; "tinned foods are not very tasty"

cancel ; call off
postpone indefinitely or annul something that was scheduled; "Call off the engagement"; "cancel the dinner party"; "we had to scrub our vacation plans"; "scratch that meeting--the chair is ill"

carry ; transport
move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body; "You must carry your camping gear"; "carry the suitcases to the car"; "This train is carrying nuclear waste"; "These pipes carry waste water into the river"

cash ; cash in
exchange for cash; "I cashed the check as soon as it arrived in the mail"

cash ; hard cash
money in the form of bills or coins; "there is a desperate shortage of hard cash"

cash ; immediate payment
prompt payment for goods or services in currency or by check

cash machine ; cash dispenser ; automated teller machine
an unattended machine (outside some banks) that dispenses money when a personal coded card is used

category
a collection of things sharing a common attribute; "there are two classes of detergents"

cheap ; inexpensive
relatively low in price or charging low prices; "it would have been cheap at twice the price"; "inexpensive family restaurants"

cheque
a written order directing a bank to pay money; "he paid all his bills by check"

choice ; selection
the act of choosing or selecting; "your choice of colors was unfortunate"; "you can take your pick"

claim
demand for something as rightful or due; "they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day"

class ; stratum ; social class
people having the same social, economic, or educational status; "the working class"; "an emerging professional class"

classify ; class ; sort ; assort ; sort out
arrange or order by classes or categories; "How would you classify these pottery shards--are they prehistoric?"

club ; society ; guild
a formal association of people with similar interests; "he joined a golf club"; "they formed a small lunch society"; "men from the fraternal order will staff the soup kitchen today"

collect ; accumulate ; pile up ; amass
get or gather together; "I am accumulating evidence for the man's unfaithfulness to his wife"; "She is amassing a lot of data for her thesis"; "She rolled up a small fortune"

collection
several things grouped together or considered as a whole

combination
a sequence of numbers or letters that opens a combination lock; "he forgot the combination to the safe"

combination ; combining
the act of combining things to form a new whole

command
an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

commercial
connected with or engaged in or sponsored by or used in commerce or commercial enterprises; "commercial trucker"; "commercial TV"; "commercial diamonds"

commercial ; commercial message
a commercially sponsored ad on radio or television

committee ; commission
a special group delegated to consider some matter; "a committee is a group that keeps minutes and loses hours" - Milton Berle

confirm ; corroborate ; affirm
establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts; "his story confirmed my doubts"; "The evidence supports the defendant"

confirmation ; verification ; check ; substantiation
additional proof that something that was believed (some fact or hypothesis or theory) is correct; "fossils provided further confirmation of the evolutionary theory"

congestion ; over-crowding
excessive crowding; "traffic congestion"

conglomerate ; empire
a group of diverse companies under common ownership and run as a single organization

consequence ; effect ; outcome ; result ; issue
a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon; "the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise"; "his decision had depressing consequences for business"; "he acted very wise after the event"

consortium ; pool ; syndicate
an association of companies for some definite purpose

convertibility
the quality of being exchangeable (especially the ability to convert a currency into gold or other currencies without restriction)

convey ; express
serve as a means for expressing something; "The painting of Mary carries motherly love"; "His voice carried a lot of anger"

cooperation
joint operation or action; "their cooperation with us was essential for the success of our mission"

correlation
a statistic representing how closely two variables co-vary; it can vary from -1 (perfect negative correlation) through 0 (no correlation) to +1 (perfect positive correlation); "what is the correlation between those two variables?"

course ; class
education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings; "he took a course in basket weaving"; "flirting is not unknown in college classes"

credit card
a card (usually plastic) that assures a seller that the person using it has a satisfactory credit rating and that the issuer will see to it that the seller receives payment for the merchandise delivered; "do you take plastic?"

creditor
a person to whom money is owed by a debtor; someone to whom an obligation exists

currency
the metal or paper medium of exchange that is presently used


D ↑
debenture
a certificate or voucher acknowledging a debt

debit ; debit entry
an accounting entry acknowledging sums that are owing

debit card
a card (usually plastic) that enables the holder to withdraw money or to have the cost of purchases charged directly to the holder's bank account

debt
money or goods or services owed by one person to another

debtor ; debitor
a person who owes a creditor; someone who has the obligation of paying a debt

decree ; edict ; fiat ; order
a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge); "a friend in New Mexico said that the order caused no trouble out there"

default ; default on
fail to pay up

defrayal
the act of paying money

delete ; cancel
remove or make invisible; "Please delete my name from your list"

demarcation
the boundary of a specific area

depository ; deposit
a facility where things can be deposited for storage or safekeeping

depreciation ; wear and tear
decrease in value of an asset due to obsolescence or use

deregulation ; deregulating
the act of freeing from regulation (especially from governmental regulations)

devaluation
an official lowering of a nation's currency; a decrease in the value of a country's currency relative to that of foreign countries

difference
the quality of being unlike or dissimilar; "there are many differences between jazz and rock"

direction ; instruction
a message describing how something is to be done; "he gave directions faster than she could follow them"

discount ; deduction
the act of reducing the selling price of merchandise

discount rate
the rate of interest set by the Federal Reserve that member banks are charged when they borrow money through the Federal Reserve System

discrepancy
a difference between conflicting facts or claims or opinions; "a growing divergence of opinion"

dispersion ; dispersal
the act of dispersing or diffusing something; "the dispersion of the troops"; "the diffusion of knowledge"

distinction
a distinguishing difference; "he learned the distinction between gold and lead"

distribution
the commercial activity of transporting and selling goods from a producer to a consumer

distribution ; dispersion
the spatial or geographic property of being scattered about over a range, area, or volume; "worldwide in distribution"; "the distribution of nerve fibers"; "in complementary distribution"

diversification ; variegation
the act of introducing variety (especially in investments or in the variety of goods and services offered); "my broker recommended a greater diversification of my investments"; "he limited his losses by diversification of his product line"

dividend
that part of the earnings of a corporation that is distributed to its shareholders; usually paid quarterly

doubt ; uncertainty ; incertitude ; dubiety ; doubtfulness ; dubiousness
the state of being unsure of something

draft ; bill of exchange
a document ordering the payment of money; drawn by one person or bank on another

duration ; length
continuance in time; "the ceremony was of short duration"; "he complained about the length of time required"


E ↑
efficiency
skillfulness in avoiding wasted time and effort; "she did the work with great efficiency"

elasticity ; snap
the tendency of a body to return to its original shape after it has been stretched or compressed; "the waistband had lost its snap"

emission ; emanation
the act of emitting; causing to flow forth

end ; stop ; finish ; terminate
have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense; either spatial or metaphorical; "the bronchioles terminate in a capillary bed"; "Your rights stop where you infringe upon the rights of other"; "My property ends by the bushes"; "The symphony ends in a pianissimo"

euro
the basic monetary unit of most members of the European Union (introduced in 1999); in 2002 twelve European nations (Germany, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Ireland, Greece, Austria, Finland) adopted the euro as their basic unit of money and abandoned their traditional currencies

Eurodollar
a United States dollar deposited in a European bank and used as an international currency to finance trade

evaluation ; valuation
an appraisal of the value of something; "he set a high valuation on friendship"

event
something that happens at a given place and time

event ; case
a special set of circumstances; "in that event, the first possibility is excluded"; "it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled"

expiration ; expiry
a coming to an end of a contract period; "the expiry of his driver's license"

extermination ; liquidation
the act of exterminating


F ↑
floor ; flooring
the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure); "they needed rugs to cover the bare floors"; "we spread our sleeping bags on the dry floor of the tent"

flow ; flux
move or progress freely as if in a stream; "The crowd flowed out of the stadium"

forfeit ; forfeiture
something that is lost or surrendered as a penalty;

franc
the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 centimes

free trade
international trade free of government interference

fund ; monetary fund
a reserve of money set aside for some purpose

fusion ; merger ; unification
an occurrence that involves the production of a union


G ↑
goal ; destination
the place designated as the end (as of a race or journey); "a crowd assembled at the finish"; "he was nearly exhausted as their destination came into view"

good will ; goodwill
(accounting) an intangible asset valued according to the advantage or reputation a business has acquired (over and above its tangible assets)

guarantee ; guaranty
a collateral agreement to answer for the debt of another in case that person defaults

guarantor ; warrantor ; warranter
one who provides a warrant or guarantee to another


H ↑
hostile
characterized by enmity or ill will; "a hostile nation"; "a hostile remark"; "hostile actions"


I ↑
independence ; independency
freedom from control or influence of another or others

index
an alphabetical listing of names and topics along with page numbers where they are discussed

inflation ; rising prices
a general and progressive increase in prices; "in inflation everything gets more valuable except money"

insurance
promise of reimbursement in the case of loss; paid to people or companies so concerned about hazards that they have made prepayments to an insurance company

interest
a fixed charge for borrowing money; usually a percentage of the amount borrowed; "how much interest do you pay on your mortgage?"

interest ; involvement
a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something; "an interest in music"

internet
a computer network consisting of a worldwide network of computer networks that use the TCP/IP network protocols to facilitate data transmission and exchange

intervention ; intercession
the act of intervening (as to mediate a dispute, etc.); "it occurs without human intervention"

inventory
a collection of resources; "he dipped into his intellectual armory to find an answer"

inventory ; stocktaking
making an itemized list of merchandise or supplies on hand; "an inventory may be necessary to see if anything is missing"; "they held an inventory every month"

investing ; investment
the act of investing; laying out money or capital in an enterprise with the expectation of profit

investment ; investment funds
money that is invested with an expectation of profit


K ↑
karat ; carat
the unit of measurement for the proportion of gold in an alloy; 18-karat gold is 75% gold; 24-karat gold is pure gold


L ↑
leaseholder ; lessee
a tenant who holds a lease

lender ; loaner
someone who lends money or gives credit in business matters

lessor ; lease giver
someone who grants a lease

letter of credit
a document issued by a bank that guarantees the payment of a customer's draft; substitutes the bank's credit for the customer's credit

leverage
strategic advantage; power to act effectively; "relatively small groups can sometimes exert immense political leverage"

limit ; bound ; boundary
the greatest possible degree of something; "what he did was beyond the bounds of acceptable behavior"; "to the limit of his ability"

limit ; limitation
the greatest amount of something that is possible or allowed; "there are limits on the amount you can bet"; "it is growing rapidly with no limitation in sight"

limit ; restrict ; restrain ; trammel ; bound ; confine
place limits on (extent or access); "restrict the use of this parking lot"; "limit the time you can spend with your friends"

liquidation ; settlement
termination of a business operation by using its assets to discharge its liabilities

liquidity
being in cash or easily convertible to cash; debt paying ability

local
relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area; "local taxes"; "local authorities"

long
primarily spatial sense; of relatively great or greater than average spatial extension or extension as specified; "a long road"; "a long distance"; "contained many long words"; "ten miles long"

long
primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified; "a long life"; "a long boring speech"; "a long time"; "a long friendship"; "a long game"; "long ago"; "an hour long"


M ↑
market
the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold; "without competition there would be no market"; "they were driven from the marketplace"

marketplace ; market place ; mart ; market
an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up

mean ; mean value
an average of n numbers computed by adding some function of the numbers and dividing by some function of n

mean ; signify ; stand for
denote or connote; "`maison' means `house' in French"; "An example sentence would show what this word means"

mistake ; error ; fault
a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention; "he made a bad mistake"; "she was quick to point out my errors"; "I could understand his English in spite of his grammatical faults"

money market
a market for short-term debt instruments

mortgage
a conditional conveyance of property as security for the repayment of a loan

multiplier ; multiplier factor
the number by which a multiplicand is multiplied


N ↑
need ; necessitate ; ask ; postulate ; require ; involve ; call for ; demand
require as useful, just, or proper; "It takes nerve to do what she did"; "success usually requires hard work"; "This job asks a lot of patience and skill"; "This position demands a lot of personal sacrifice"; "This dinner calls for a spectacular dessert"; "This intervention does not postulate a patient's consent"

net ; nett
remaining after all deductions; "net profit"

net ; network ; mesh
an open fabric of string or rope or wire woven together at regular intervals

New York Stock Exchange ; N. Y. Stock Exchange ; NYSE
a stock exchange in New York

nominal
relating to or constituting or bearing or giving a name; "the Russian system of nominal brevity"; "a nominal lists of priests"; "taxable males as revealed by the nominal rolls"

normal distribution ; Gaussian distribution
a theoretical distribution with finite mean and variance

note ; annotation
a comment or instruction (usually added); "his notes were appended at the end of the article"; "he added a short notation to the address on the envelope"


O ↑
offer
make available or accessible, provide or furnish; "The conference center offers a health spa"; "The hotel offers private meeting rooms"

offer ; offering
the verbal act of offering; "a generous offer of assistance"

opening ; gap
an open or empty space in or between things; "there was a small opening between the trees"; "the explosion made a gap in the wall"

opposite ; reverse ; contrary
a relation of direct opposition; "we thought Sue was older than Bill but just the reverse was true"

option
the right to buy or sell property at an agreed price; the right is purchased and if it is not exercised by a stated date the money is forfeited

order
(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed; "the British ships dropped anchor and waited for orders from London"

order ; enjoin
give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority; "I said to him to go home"; "She ordered him to do the shopping"; "The mother told the child to get dressed"

order ; prescribe
issue commands or orders for

order ; purchase order
a commercial document used to request someone to supply something in return for payment and providing specifications and quantities; "IBM received an order for a hundred computers"

ordering ; order
logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements; "we shall consider these questions in the inverse order of their presentation"

output ; yield
production of a certain amount


P ↑
parity
(computer science) a bit that is used in an error detection procedure in which a 0 or 1 is added to each group of bits so that it will have either an odd number of 1's or an even number of 1's; e.g., if the parity is odd then any group of bits that arrives with an even number of 1's must contain an error

part ; portion
something determined in relation to something that includes it; "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself"; "I read a portion of the manuscript"; "the smaller component is hard to reach"; "the animal constituent of plankton"

part ; share ; portion
assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group; "he wanted his share in cash"

participation
the act of sharing in the activities of a group; "the teacher tried to increase his students' engagement in class activities"

pawn
borrowing and leaving an article as security for repayment of the loan

payee
a person to whom money is paid

payer ; remunerator
a person who pays money for something

pension fund ; superannuation fund
a fund reserved to pay workers' pensions when they retire from service

perpetuity ; sempiternity
the property of being perpetual (seemingly ceaseless)

pit ; pitfall
a trap in the form of a concealed hole

pledge
a deposit of personal property as security for a debt; "his saxophone was in pledge"

point
a geometric element that has position but no extension; "a point is defined by its coordinates"

point ; dot
a very small circular shape; "a row of points"; "draw lines between the dots"

portfolio
a list of the financial assets held by an individual or a bank or other financial institution; "they were disappointed by the poor returns on their stock portfolio"

preemption ; pre-emption
the right to purchase something in advance of others

principal
capital as contrasted with the income derived from it

production
the act or process of producing something; "Shakespeare's production of poetry was enormous"; "the production of white blood cells"

production
(economics) manufacturing or mining or growing something (usually in large quantities) for sale; "he introduced more efficient methods of production"

profit
the excess of revenues over outlays in a given period of time (including depreciation and other non-cash expenses)

promissory note
a promise to pay a specified amount on demand or at a certain time; "I had to co-sign his note at the bank"

prospectus
a catalog listing the courses offered by a college or university

proxy
a power of attorney document given by shareholders of a corporation authorizing a specific vote on their behalf at a corporate meeting

proxy
a person authorized to act for another


Q ↑
quota
a prescribed number; "all the salesmen met their quota for the month"


R ↑
range ; scope
an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"; "a piano has a greater range than the human voice"; "the ambit of municipal legislation"; "within the compass of this article"; "within the scope of an investigation"; "outside the reach of the law"; "in the political orbit of a world power"

rate ; grade
assign a rank or rating to; "how would you rank these students?"; "The restaurant is rated highly in the food guide"

rate of exchange ; exchange rate
the charge for exchanging currency of one country for currency of another

ratification ; confirmation
making something valid by formally ratifying or confirming it; "the ratification of the treaty"; "confirmation of the appointment"

reappraisal ; revaluation ; reassessment
a new appraisal or evaluation

rebate ; discount
a refund of some fraction of the amount paid

reinsurance
sharing the risk by insurance companies; part or all of the insurer's risk is assumed by other companies in return for part of the premium paid by the insured; "reinsurance enables a client to get coverage that would be too great for any one company to assume"

rejection
the act of rejecting something; "his proposals were met with rejection"

remainder ; difference
the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend

repayment ; quittance
payment of a debt or obligation

replica
copy that is not the original; something that has been copied

reproduction ; replication
the act of making copies; "Gutenberg's reproduction of holy texts was far more efficient"

reserve ; book
arrange for and reserve (something for someone else) in advance; "reserve me a seat on a flight"; "The agent booked tickets to the show for the whole family"; "please hold a table at Maxim's"

resistance
any mechanical force that tends to retard or oppose motion

resistance ; opposition
the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with; "he encountered a general feeling of resistance from many citizens"; "despite opposition from the newspapers he went ahead"

return ; take ; proceeds ; yield ; payoff
the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property; "the average return was about 5%"

revenue ; receipts
the entire amount of income before any deductions are made

rich
possessing material wealth; "her father is extremely rich"; "many fond hopes are pinned on rich uncles"

risk ; chance ; hazard
take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome; "When you buy these stocks you are gambling"

risk ; hazard ; jeopardy ; peril
a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune; "drinking alcohol is a health hazard"


S ↑
savings ; nest egg
a fund of money put by as a reserve

share
any of the equal portions into which the capital stock of a corporation is divided and ownership of which is evidenced by a stock certificate; "he bought 100 shares of IBM at the market price"

short
primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration; "a short life"; "a short flight"; "a short holiday"; "a short story"; "only a few short months"

solvency
the ability to meet maturing obligations as they come due

specialist
an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning

spread ; spreading
process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space

stagflation
a period of slow economic growth and high unemployment (stagnation) while prices rise (inflation)

stake ; bet ; wager
the money risked on a gamble

stakeholder
someone entrusted to hold the stakes for two or more persons betting against one another; must deliver the stakes to the winner

standard deviation
the square root of the variance

stockholder ; shareholder
someone who holds shares of stock in a corporation

stop ; halt
come to a halt, stop moving; "the car stopped"; "She stopped in front of a store window"

suppress ; inhibit ; subdue
to put down by force or authority; "suppress a nascent uprising"; "stamp down on littering"; "conquer one's desires"

swap
exchange or give (something) in exchange for


T ↑
tag ; ticket
a label written or printed on paper, cardboard, or plastic that is attached to something to indicate its owner, nature, price, etc.

target ; aim
intend (something) to move towards a certain goal; "He aimed his fists towards his opponent's face"; "criticism directed at her superior"; "direct your anger towards others, not towards yourself"

time
an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities); "he waited a long time"; "the time of year for planting"; "he was a great actor in his time"

time ; fourth dimension
the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event

time deposit account ; deposit account
a savings account in which the deposit is held for a fixed term or in which withdrawals can be made only after giving notice or with loss of interest

title
a general or descriptive heading for a section of a written work; "the novel had chapter titles"

title ; entitle
give a title to

trader ; dealer ; monger
someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

trick ; fob ; fox
deceive somebody; "We tricked the teacher into thinking that class would be cancelled next week"

trust ; cartel
a consortium of independent organizations formed to limit competition by controlling the production and distribution of a product or service; "they set up the trust in the hope of gaining a monopoly"

trustee ; legal guardian
a person (or institution) to whom legal title to property is entrusted to use for another's benefit


U ↑
unit ; unit of measurement
any division of quantity accepted as a standard of measurement or exchange; "the dollar is the United States unit of currency"; "a unit of wheat is a bushel"; "change per unit volume"

use ; usage ; utilization ; utilisation ; exercise
the act of using; "he warned against the use of narcotic drugs"; "skilled in the utilization of computers"


V ↑
validation
the act of validating; finding or testing the truth of something

VAT ; value-added tax
a tax levied on the difference between a commodity's price before taxes and its cost of production

venture capital ; risk capital
wealth available for investment in new or speculative enterprises

verbal
of or relating to or formed from words in general; "verbal ability"


W ↑
whole ; unit
an assemblage of parts that is regarded as a single entity; "how big is that part compared to the whole?"; "the team is a unit"

whole life insurance ; ordinary life insurance ; straight life insurance
insurance on the life of the insured for a fixed amount at a definite premium that is paid each year in the same amount during the entire lifetime of the insured